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鋼(gang)結構(gou)工程的施工技術

鋼結構工程的(de)(de)施工(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)核心技(ji)(ji)術(shu)主要包括鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)吊裝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)和鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)連接(jie)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。其中鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)吊裝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)作用(yong)非(fei)常明顯，如果鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)塔吊施工(gong)出現問題，會導致工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)安全穩定性下降，鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)鏈(lian)接(jie)工(gong)藝也會直接(jie)影(ying)響工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質量(liang)。因此，鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)一(yi)定要嚴格按照(zhao)操作規范進行處理。

鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)的(de)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。在開始對鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前(qian)要先(xian)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)以下六個方(fang)面的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)：一(yi)是要結(jie)(jie)(jie)合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)實際情況，科學(xue)(xue)合理地制定施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，并確保后期的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)嚴格(ge)按照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計方(fang)案進(jin)行(xing)操作(zuo)。二(er)是明確鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程的(de)規范，落(luo)實技(ji)術交底，科學(xue)(xue)評定鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，確保后期鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業的(de)安全可靠。三是鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)設(she)備的(de)選擇，一(yi)定要吊(diao)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要性，積(ji)極(ji)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。四是確定好(hao)(hao)運輸車輛、吊(diao)裝(zhuang)設(she)備以及鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)律(lv)號(hao)、型號(hao)等，避免出(chu)現運輸質量(liang)問題(ti)和材料問題(ti)。五(wu)是結(jie)(jie)(jie)合建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求，選擇吊(diao)裝(zhuang)設(she)備，高效利用資源。另外在鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)，還要對起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)高度(du)進(jin)行(xing)提前(qian)核算(suan)，設(she)定加重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)和極(ji)限高度(du)。

吊(diao)裝環節。吊(diao)裝施工(gong)(gong)的質量(liang)監控對(dui)鋼結構工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)來說非常(chang)重(zhong)要。鋼結構吊(diao)裝施工(gong)(gong)的常(chang)用設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)是塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)，在(zai)鋼結構工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)之前一定要對(dui)塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的性(xing)(xing)能進(jin)行檢查，確保塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)伸縮幅度以及起(qi)重(zhong)的重(zhong)量(liang)能夠符合工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實際需要。不同的塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)類(lei)型中，內(nei)式(shi)塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)的安全性(xing)(xing)較高，在(zai)鋼結構工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中可以盡量(liang)使(shi)用這一類(lei)塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，當然(ran)如果有特殊施工(gong)(gong)的需要，也(ye)可以選擇附(fu)著(zhu)式(shi)塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。附(fu)著(zhu)式(shi)塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的優點是設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)性(xing)(xing)能較好，內(nei)爬式(shi)塔(ta)(ta)吊(diao)的經濟性(xing)(xing)較好。

結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)環節。鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)部分的(de)(de)(de)操作是鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)重點，選擇(ze)合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，有助于提(ti)高鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)經濟性。焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)是鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一種連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，在對(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)進行(xing)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)之前，首先要清洗(xi)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)位置(zhi)(zhi)。由于鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)需要使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)數量多，很多鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)在使(shi)用(yong)之前因環境條件(jian)(jian)、儲(chu)存條件(jian)(jian)、運輸條件(jian)(jian)等(deng)問題，表面出(chu)(chu)現(xian)銹跡(ji)，如果不清除銹跡(ji)，則會導致(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)不牢固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)過程(cheng)要先利用(yong)拷槍(qiang)針(zhen)對(dui)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)位置(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)預熱(re)，確保溫(wen)度(du)與焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)要求一致(zhi)。焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)過后要對(dui)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果進行(xing)檢查，確保焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)位置(zhi)(zhi)要平整，如果發現(xian)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)位置(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)凹凸缺(que)口，一定要重新(xin)返工(gong)(gong)(gong)處理。必須確保鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)過程(cheng)材料、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和(he)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)效(xiao)果都能達到合格標準之上。