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鋼結構(gou)工程案例分析（一）

某一大型瀝青原材料基地生產項目，在設計與施工中選用了大型鋼結構形式。在本(ben)(ben)建筑工程中(zhong)，規(gui)模最大的廠房尺寸為:230mx210mx18m(長度(du)×寬度(du)×高度(du))，結構(gou)形式為門式鋼架結構(gou)，本(ben)(ben)廠房共(gong)包(bao)括5個功能分區。

一、鋼結構的制(zhi)作(zuo)

在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)鋼結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)之前，需要(yao)將圖紙設(she)計要(yao)求作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)依(yi)據，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)放樣、下料(liao)切(qie)割，同(tong)時為(wei)(wei)便于后期調整(zheng)，需要(yao)留出一定的(de)余量。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)切(qie)割加(jia)(jia)工之前，需要(yao)對鋼材(cai)表(biao)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全面(mian)清理(li)，嚴(yan)禁在(zai)(zai)切(qie)割過程中發生(sheng)外觀(guan)缺陷，如(ru)裂紋(wen)等(deng)，對加(jia)(jia)工偏(pian)差(cha)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)果(guo)鋼材(cai)在(zai)(zai)切(qie)割之后出現(xian)變(bian)形現(xian)象，應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)不會(hui)對構(gou)(gou)(gou)件強度造成影響的(de)方式進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有效處理(li)，如(ru)冷(leng)彎曲(qu)、冷(leng)矯正(zheng)等(deng)。為(wei)(wei)確保鋼結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件表(biao)面(mian)的(de)平(ping)整(zheng)度與光滑(hua)度，應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)手砂輪對構(gou)(gou)(gou)件焊(han)接(jie)邊緣進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)打磨；在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)孔過程中，宜選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)臺鉆(zhan)(zhan)設(she)備(bei)、磁力鉆(zhan)(zhan)設(she)備(bei)。在(zai)(zai)本(ben)工程中，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)C級(ji)螺栓(shuan)孔制(zhi)(zhi)孔等(deng)級(ji)，因此制(zhi)(zhi)孔工藝的(de)允(yun)(yun)(yun)許(xu)偏(pian)差(cha)參數為(wei)(wei)：垂(chui)直度的(de)允(yun)(yun)(yun)許(xu)偏(pian)差(cha)為(wei)(wei)0.03t，≤0.2、直徑的(de)允(yun)(yun)(yun)許(xu)偏(pian)差(cha)±1mm、圓度的(de)允(yun)(yun)(yun)許(xu)偏(pian)差(cha)±2mm。在(zai)(zai)驗收階(jie)段(duan)中，假如(ru)螺栓(shuan)孔的(de)加(jia)(jia)工具有一定的(de)偏(pian)差(cha)，嚴(yan)禁直接(jie)使用(yong)鋼板進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)堵塞，否(fou)則會(hui)產生(sheng)質量問(wen)題，應(ying)重(zhong)新鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔、補(bu)焊(han)。

二、鋼結(jie)構的安裝

針對(dui)本建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)全(quan)部鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、制作等，均是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)中(zhong)完成的(de)(de)(de)，相應(ying)地(di)，涂裝(zhuang)、鉆孔(kong)也是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)中(zhong)完成的(de)(de)(de)。鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)流程(cheng)為(wei)(wei):第一(yi)(yi)，全(quan)面驗收半成品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量，同(tong)(tong)時采(cai)取分批方(fang)法(fa)，將(jiang)(jiang)質(zhi)(zhi)量合格的(de)(de)(de)半成品(pin)(pin)運(yun)輸至施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)輸鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)放置一(yi)(yi)些(xie)填(tian)充物與枕木，產生(sheng)隔離效果，以(yi)避免在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)輸鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)破損現(xian)(xian)象。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)全(quan)部鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)運(yun)輸到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)以(yi)后，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)吊裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，如果一(yi)(yi)些(xie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不能夠采(cai)用吊裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)這些(xie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)整齊地(di)存放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)規定的(de)(de)(de)位置，為(wei)(wei)避免遭受雨(yu)水(shui)、暴曬的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，還應(ying)對(dui)其(qi)采(cai)取有效的(de)(de)(de)遮蓋(gai)防(fang)護措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)之前(qian)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)復(fu)核安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制線，確保(bao)混(hun)凝(ning)土強(qiang)度滿足設(she)計要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。當所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械設(she)備均到(dao)位以(yi)后，便可以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)遵守(shou)主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)、次梁(liang)(liang)、垂直支(zhi)撐(cheng)、水(shui)平支(zhi)撐(cheng)系統的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu)。總而言之，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)選擇(ze)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)方(fang)面，各種(zhong)(zhong)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)廠(chang)房具(ju)有不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前(qian)應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)預(yu)期模擬，能夠將(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)可能存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題及時找出(chu)來(lai)。另外，因為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)廠(chang)房中(zhong)具(ju)有多種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，只要(yao)(yao)任意一(yi)(yi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)質(zhi)(zhi)量問題，便會(hui)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)整體施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量，所(suo)以(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)對(dui)其(qi)給予(yu)高度重(zhong)視。